Safe sex
Safe sex means taking precautions during sex that can keep you from getting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), or from giving an STD to your partner. These diseases include genital herpes, genital warts, HIV, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and others.
Most of the diseases are transferred by direct contact with a sore on the genitals or mouth. However, some organisms can be transferred in body fluids without causing a visible sore. They can be transferred to another person during oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse.
Some STDs can also be transferred by nonsexual contact with infected tissues or fluids, such as infected blood. For example, sharing needles when using IV drugs is a major cause of HIV and hepatitis B transmission. An STD can also be transmitted through contaminated blood transfusions and blood products, through the placenta from the mother to the fetus, and sometimes through breast feeding.
The following factors increase your risk of getting a sexually-transmitted disease (STD):
* Not knowing whether a partner has an STD or not
* Having a partner with a past history of any STD
* Having sex without a male or female condom
* Using drugs or alcohol in a situation where sex might occur
* If your partner is an IV drug user
* Having anal intercourse
Use condoms to avoid contact with semen, vaginal fluids, or blood. Both male and female condoms dramatically reduce the chance you will get or spread an STD. However, condoms must be used properly:
* The condom should be in place from the beginning to end of sexual activity and should be used every time you have sex.
* Lubricants may help reduce the chance a condom will break. Use only water-based lubricants, because oil-based or petroleum-type lubricants can cause latex to weaken and tear. Do NOT use condoms with nonoxynol-9 -- these help prevent pregnancy, but may increase the chance of HIV transmission.
* Use latex condoms for vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse.
* Keep in mind that STDs can still be spread, even if you use a condom, because a condom does not cover surrounding skin areas. But a condom definitely reduces your risk.
Here are additional safe-sex steps:
*Keep condoms handy at all times - they are not big, they weigh next to nothing and if things start getting steamy (or big), you'll be ready. Never find yourself having to rush out at the crucial moment to buy condoms - at the hight of passion you may not!
*When you buy your condoms, you will find there are all kinds of makes, shapes, thicknesses and sizes available. Look for quality brands. This isn't a place to get cheap.
*If you are new to condoms, the best way to learn how to use them is to practise putting them on, by yourself. It doesn't take long to become a master.
* Know your partner. Before having sex, first establish a committed relationship that allows trust and open communication. You should be able to discuss past sexual histories, any previous STDs or IV drug use. You should not feel coerced or forced into having sex.
* Stay sober. Alcohol and drugs impair your judgment, communication abilities, and ability to properly use condoms or lubricants.
* Be responsible. If you have an STD, like HIV or herpes, advise any prospective sexual partner. Allow him or her to decide what to do. If you mutually agree on engaging in sexual activity, use latex condoms and other measures to protect the partner.
* If pregnant, take precautions. If you have an STD, learn about the risk to the infant before becoming pregnant. Ask your provider how to prevent the fetus from becoming infected. HIV positive women should not breastfeed their infant.
* Remember not to leave condoms lying around. Once a condom has been used it should be disposed of properly by wrapping it in a tissue and putting it in the garbage.
To avoid risks during oral sex it is important to:
* Keep semen and vaginal fluids out of your mouth.
* Make sure that your mouth is healthy and that you don't have bleeding gums, cuts, or mouth sores, because the presence of blood will increase your risk.
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